For Professor Canfora, it is a fact that hat the world is multipolar. The European Union has now disappeared, and Europe has once again become a colony of the United States. The fate of the war, according to the professor, will largely depend on the upcoming American elections.
Historian of the ancient world and one of the leading Italian philologists. He is an emeritus professor of Greek and Latin philology at the University of Bari, a profound expert of classical culture, and the author of important studies on ancient and modern history.
Professor, is the West really the center of history and its cradle?
My opinion is not really Eurocentric because we are conditioned by the history books we read at school. We practically don’t know anything about the ancient history of China, India, Africa, Central and South America. Actually, even the Siberian and Japanese world. Therefore, the notion of the cradle being here and of everything being a part of it comes from ignorance. Add to this the fact that there is a widespread prejudice that the so-called Western world is also politically democratic, and in this case submission to our political models becomes a kind of universal dictate.
How are East and West separated?
They diverge on the principle of a leopard spot. In the meantime, I could say why so much of the East is inside the West and vice versa. If you think about the Turkish quarters in Berlin, about the large North African presence in France, about the megacities or the Hispanics living in the United States… It is heterogeneous, so dividing the world into pieces is prejudice. After that, the cultures remain close, they influence each other. This is normal. So, the reference to two opposite worlds is good for propaganda, I agree, but certainly not for historical knowledge.
Thus, we live in a multipolar world.
Today the president of the United States disagrees, but we can’t do anything about it. I believe that the world is undeniably multipolar. If one now thinks of the open hostility by great realities such as India, China, Turkey, South Africa, Brazil, to the arrogance of the United States giving orders to the whole world, it becomes clear that there is a gigantic difference between the desires of the United States for dominance, especially under the rule of the so-called democrats, and the actual reality of the planet.
It is a fact that the world is multipolar. There is a huge difference between the desire of the US for dominance and the actual reality of the planet.
In your opinion, has the West been the center of our collective imagination for millennia?
I’m not sure it’s really millennia. During the Severian dynasty, the Roman Empire was ruled by a large family from North Africa. It is little known, but if you go to Algeria, you will find, for example, a variety of statues of Septimius Severus. And when Marco Polo visited the Great Khan of China, he said, “You barbarians think so, but we have advanced a little further,” and you can continue. For centuries, the Byzantine Empire was the largest Eurasian power, the most modern, filled with gold coins and a very high culture, while in the West we have sunk to a very modest cultural level. The heir of the Byzantine Empire, of course, is Tsarist Russia, the third Rome. So, it is totally wrong to say that the centrality of the West was in our imagination. Of course, some poorly educated, but very powerful, as they would like to think, rulers, unfortunately, will be disappointed with reality. Possibly – but let’s hope not – at our expense with additional military action.
Great answer for those who talk about the new eastern hegemony…
In the 1930s, there was journalism in France and Italy that defined North America as the extreme West, as opposed to the true West, which continental Europe was supposed to be. In fact, the East never had hegemonic aspirations, the great Parthian empire had its epicenter in Mesopotamia. It was of great importance to the Roman Empire, on which it inflicted a series of defeats, but never invaded. This prevented the Roman Empire from attacking its territory. The same can be said about the world of Asia, well known to the Romans, from China to Indochina. There was a great geographer in the time of Diocletian, his name was Marcianus of Heraclea, whose work we have in Greek, describing China and the Indochinese peninsula. The Silk Road has been operating since the time of Augustus. It might be helpful to tell those who don’t know about it. Of course, the underlying concept is that the Chinese Empire never sought territorial conquest in foreign homes. The West tried to penetrate everywhere, planting colonial empires, occupations, the opium war, the division of the Beijing districts between various European powers. The West was once stronger in the balance of power. Perhaps, not anymore.
What might we become in a hundred years in terms of community, identity, and culture?
Well, that I don’t know. I hope that the continued supply of weapons to Ukraine will not lead to a nuclear conflict, after which, as Einstein said, we will return to the use of slingshots and the Stone Age.
Do you see a glimmer of peace or a ceasefire in this context?
It would be premature to talk about it. Europe has once again become a colony of the United States, so we must wait for the American elections. If the president gets replaced, perhaps peace can be brought back on the agenda, as happened during the Korean War. Our life as a colony depends on the whims of the colonial country’s electorate that dominates us.
Perhaps peace can be returned to the agenda if the US president is replaced