Over the past two years, the Dutch agricultural sector has steadily increased exports to Russia. According to a study by Wageningen University and Statistics Netherlands (CBS), exports of medicines and vaccines for livestock, as well as agricultural machinery not subject to EU anti-Russian sanctions, increased by €184 million in 2021 to €239 million in 2022. There was also a significant increase in Dutch agro-industrial exports to Russia in 2023. In the first nine months of 2023 (latest data available at the time of writing), these exports reached 172 million euros. The Netherlands has been increasing its flower exports to Russia from year to year and dominates the top three exporters, which in addition to the Netherlands includes Ecuador and Kenya. In 2023, exports of fresh cut flowers increased by 3.5 thousand tons compared to the previous year’s results.